:root {
  --paper: #f9faf6;
  --paper-grid: rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.045);
  --ink: #171b1c;
  --muted: #5c6466;
  --faint: #7b8585;
  --panel: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.88);
  --panel-strong: #ffffff;
  --soft: #eef3ef;
  --line: #d4ddd7;
  --line-strong: #aebfba;
  --wan: #0f766e;
  --wan-deep: #0b4f4a;
  --ltx: #b46b13;
  --ltx-deep: #7d4709;
  --green: #2f8f5d;
  --red: #a43c31;
  --violet: #6554a8;
  --code: #edf4f0;
  --algorithm-bg: #141817;
  --algorithm-fg: #f8f0de;
  --shadow: 0 18px 46px rgba(18, 32, 32, 0.08);
  --page-wan-glow: rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.09);
  --page-ltx-glow: rgba(180, 107, 19, 0.08);
  --progress-track: rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.08);
  --header-bg: rgba(249, 250, 246, 0.94);
  --nav-bg: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.72);
  --nav-primary-text: var(--wan-deep);
  --nav-primary-border: rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.35);
  --nav-primary-bg: rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.09);
  --accent-text: #ffffff;
  --chip-bg: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.78);
  --visual-bg: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.78), rgba(238, 243, 239, 0.62));
  --node-fill: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.86);
  --subtle-bg: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.70);
  --subtle-bg-strong: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.88);
  --table-head-bg: rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.08);
  --toc-bg: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.94);
  --mobile-toc-bg: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.96);
  --serif: Georgia, "Times New Roman", "Noto Serif SC", serif;
  --sans: ui-sans-serif, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Noto Sans SC", sans-serif;
  --mono: "SFMono-Regular", "Cascadia Mono", "Liberation Mono", Menlo, monospace;
  --toc-width: 15rem;
  --toc-gap: 2.5rem;
  color-scheme: light;
}

html[data-theme="dark"] {
  --paper: #101213;
  --paper-grid: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.035);
  --ink: #f4efe6;
  --muted: #b9b2a8;
  --faint: #837c73;
  --panel: rgba(27, 30, 31, 0.92);
  --panel-strong: #222729;
  --soft: #181c1d;
  --line: #343b3d;
  --line-strong: #4a5255;
  --wan: #51b8c8;
  --wan-deep: #227887;
  --ltx: #d89b47;
  --ltx-deep: #8e6426;
  --green: #77b88f;
  --red: #d66f5d;
  --violet: #a88bd8;
  --code: #0b0d0e;
  --algorithm-bg: #0b0d0e;
  --algorithm-fg: #f8f0de;
  --shadow: 0 24px 70px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.34);
  --page-wan-glow: rgba(81, 184, 200, 0.11);
  --page-ltx-glow: rgba(216, 155, 71, 0.10);
  --progress-track: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05);
  --header-bg: rgba(16, 18, 19, 0.92);
  --nav-bg: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.04);
  --nav-primary-text: #e8fbff;
  --nav-primary-border: rgba(81, 184, 200, 0.5);
  --nav-primary-bg: rgba(81, 184, 200, 0.12);
  --accent-text: #101213;
  --chip-bg: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.035);
  --visual-bg: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.035), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.015));
  --node-fill: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.055);
  --subtle-bg: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.035);
  --subtle-bg-strong: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.055);
  --table-head-bg: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.045);
  --toc-bg: rgba(16, 18, 19, 0.82);
  --mobile-toc-bg: rgba(16, 18, 19, 0.96);
  color-scheme: dark;
}

* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

html {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
}

body {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--sans);
  letter-spacing: 0;
  overflow-x: clip;
  background:
    linear-gradient(90deg, var(--paper-grid) 1px, transparent 1px) 0 0 / 44px 44px,
    linear-gradient(0deg, var(--paper-grid) 1px, transparent 1px) 0 0 / 44px 44px,
    radial-gradient(circle at 22% 0%, var(--page-wan-glow), transparent 30rem),
    radial-gradient(circle at 84% 12%, var(--page-ltx-glow), transparent 34rem),
    var(--paper);
}

a {
  color: inherit;
}

button,
input,
select {
  font: inherit;
}

button {
  min-width: 2.25rem;
}

svg {
  display: block;
  max-width: 100%;
}

.skip-link {
  position: fixed;
  top: 0.75rem;
  left: 0.75rem;
  z-index: 90;
  width: 1px;
  height: 1px;
  padding: 0.55rem 0.75rem;
  overflow: hidden;
  color: var(--paper);
  text-decoration: none;
  clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
  clip-path: inset(50%);
  background: var(--ink);
  border-radius: 4px;
}

.skip-link:focus {
  width: auto;
  height: auto;
  overflow: visible;
  clip: auto;
  clip-path: none;
}

.reading-progress {
  position: fixed;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  z-index: 100;
  width: 100%;
  height: 3px;
  background: var(--progress-track);
}

.reading-progress span {
  display: block;
  width: 0%;
  height: 100%;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--wan), var(--ltx));
}

.site-header {
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 60;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  width: 100%;
  gap: 1rem;
  padding: 0.85rem max(1rem, calc((100vw - 1120px) / 2));
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: var(--header-bg);
  backdrop-filter: blur(16px);
}

.brand,
.module-nav a,
.page-footer a,
.lecture-toc a {
  text-decoration: none;
}

.brand {
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 800;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.module-nav {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: flex-end;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.45rem;
}

.module-nav a,
.page-footer a {
  padding: 0.42rem 0.62rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.86rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 4px;
  background: var(--nav-bg);
}

.module-nav a:first-child {
  color: var(--nav-primary-text);
  border-color: var(--nav-primary-border);
  background: var(--nav-primary-bg);
}

.module-nav a:hover,
.module-nav a:focus-visible,
.page-footer a:hover,
.page-footer a:focus-visible {
  color: var(--accent-text);
  background: var(--wan);
  outline: none;
}

.lecture {
  width: min(100% - 2rem, 1080px);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 2rem 0 4rem;
  overflow-x: clip;
}

.paper-header {
  padding: 3.4rem 0 2.3rem;
  border-bottom: 3px double var(--line-strong);
}

.kicker {
  margin: 0 0 0.82rem;
  color: var(--wan);
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 850;
  letter-spacing: 0;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.paper-header h1 {
  max-width: 980px;
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(2.7rem, 7vw, 5.25rem);
  line-height: 1.03;
  letter-spacing: 0;
}

.subtitle {
  max-width: 860px;
  margin: 1.15rem 0 0;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.08rem, 2vw, 1.45rem);
  line-height: 1.52;
}

.keyword-row {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.45rem;
  max-width: 900px;
  margin-top: 1.15rem;
}

.keyword-row span {
  padding: 0.35rem 0.55rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 4px;
  background: var(--chip-bg);
}

.chapter {
  padding: 4rem 0 0;
}

.chapter-header {
  margin-bottom: 1.35rem;
}

.chapter h2 {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(2rem, 4vw, 2.8rem);
  line-height: 1.12;
  letter-spacing: 0;
}

.chapter h3 {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 1.34rem;
  line-height: 1.28;
}

.chapter h4 {
  margin: 0 0 0.75rem;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 0.95rem;
}

.chapter p,
.chapter li {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.82;
  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}

.chapter p {
  margin: 1rem 0 0;
}

.chapter-summary {
  max-width: 850px;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 1.12rem;
}

.thesis-grid,
.principle-grid,
.detail-grid,
.bottleneck-grid,
.reference-list,
.glossary-grid,
.model-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 0.85rem;
}

.thesis-grid article,
.principle-grid article,
.detail-grid article,
.bottleneck-grid article,
.reference-list article,
.glossary-grid article,
.model-card,
.source-note,
.visual-example,
.algorithm-panel,
.warning-card,
.ecosystem-map,
.comparison-table-wrap,
.route-timeline,
.pipeline-steps,
.audio-compare,
.dual-stream {
  padding: 1.2rem;
  background: var(--panel);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 8px;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}

.thesis-grid strong,
.bottleneck-grid strong,
.reference-list strong,
.model-card strong,
.ecosystem-map strong,
.pipeline-steps strong,
.audio-compare strong,
.dual-stream strong {
  display: block;
  color: var(--ink);
}

.thesis-grid article:nth-child(2) strong,
.wan-map .hub,
.wan-map strong {
  color: var(--wan);
}

.thesis-grid article:nth-child(3) strong,
.ltx-map .hub,
.ltx-map strong {
  color: var(--ltx);
}

.visual-example {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 0.48fr) minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 1rem;
  align-items: start;
  margin-top: 1rem;
}

.visual-copy p {
  margin-top: 0.65rem;
}

.pipeline-svg {
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  min-height: 17rem;
  background: var(--visual-bg);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 6px;
}

.pipe-node rect,
.pipe-band rect {
  fill: var(--node-fill);
  stroke: var(--line-strong);
  stroke-width: 1.2;
}

.pipe-node text,
.pipe-band text {
  fill: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 16px;
  text-anchor: middle;
}

.pipe-node text:nth-child(3),
.pipe-band text:nth-child(3) {
  fill: var(--muted);
  font-size: 13px;
}

.accent-wan rect {
  stroke: var(--wan);
}

.accent-ltx rect {
  stroke: var(--ltx);
}

.pipe-arrow {
  fill: none;
  stroke: var(--muted);
  stroke-width: 2;
  marker-end: url("#arrow");
}

marker path {
  fill: var(--muted);
}

.equation {
  position: relative;
  max-width: 100%;
  margin: 1rem 0 0;
  padding: 1rem 1.1rem;
  overflow-x: auto;
  color: var(--ink);
  background: var(--code);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-left: 4px solid var(--wan);
  border-radius: 6px;
}

.equation mjx-container {
  display: block;
  max-width: 100%;
  overflow-x: auto;
  overflow-y: hidden;
}

.code-equation {
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--mono);
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.principle-grid {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
}

.lab-card,
.moe-lab {
  min-width: 0;
}

.lab-controls {
  margin-bottom: 0.85rem;
}

.lab-controls-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 0.7rem;
}

.lab-controls-grid label {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.38rem;
  min-width: 0;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-weight: 850;
}

input[type="range"] {
  width: 100%;
  accent-color: var(--wan);
}

output {
  color: var(--ltx);
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.8rem;
}

.token-bars {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.65rem;
  margin-top: 0.9rem;
}

.token-bars div {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(7rem, 0.32fr) minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(6.2rem, auto);
  gap: 0.75rem;
  align-items: center;
}

.token-bars span,
.token-bars b {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-weight: 800;
}

.token-bars i {
  display: block;
  width: var(--value, 12%);
  height: 0.75rem;
  background: var(--wan);
  border-radius: 999px;
}

.token-bars div:nth-child(2) i {
  background: var(--green);
}

.token-bars div:nth-child(3) i {
  background: var(--ltx);
}

.token-bars div:nth-child(4) i {
  background: var(--violet);
}

.lab-readout {
  padding: 0.65rem 0.8rem;
  margin: 0.75rem 0 0;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.86rem;
  background: var(--subtle-bg-strong);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 4px;
}

.lab-explanation,
.distinction {
  padding-left: 0.9rem;
  border-left: 3px solid var(--ltx);
}

.algorithm-panel {
  margin-top: 1rem;
}

.panel-title {
  display: flex;
  gap: 1rem;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.algorithm-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 0.85rem;
}

.algorithm {
  max-width: 100%;
  min-height: 15rem;
  padding: 1rem;
  margin: 0;
  overflow-x: auto;
  color: var(--algorithm-fg);
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  line-height: 1.72;
  white-space: pre;
  background: var(--algorithm-bg);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 4px;
}

.ecosystem-map {
  position: relative;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 0.8rem;
  margin-top: 1rem;
}

.ecosystem-map .hub {
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  min-height: 8rem;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 3rem;
  font-weight: 900;
  border: 1px solid var(--line-strong);
  border-radius: 8px;
  background: var(--subtle-bg);
}

.ecosystem-map article {
  min-height: 8rem;
  padding: 0.95rem;
  background: var(--subtle-bg);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 6px;
}

.ecosystem-map span,
.pipeline-steps span,
.reference-list span,
.dual-stream span,
.audio-compare span {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 0.55rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  line-height: 1.55;
}

.model-toolbar,
.segmented {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.45rem;
  margin-top: 1rem;
}

.model-toolbar button,
.segmented button {
  min-height: 2rem;
  padding: 0.42rem 0.62rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-weight: 850;
  cursor: pointer;
  background: var(--nav-bg);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 4px;
}

.model-toolbar button.active,
.segmented button.active,
.model-toolbar button:hover,
.segmented button:hover,
.model-toolbar button:focus-visible,
.segmented button:focus-visible {
  color: var(--accent-text);
  background: var(--wan);
  border-color: var(--wan);
  outline: none;
}

#ltx .model-toolbar button.active,
#ltx .model-toolbar button:hover,
#ltx .model-toolbar button:focus-visible,
#ltx .segmented button.active {
  background: var(--ltx);
  border-color: var(--ltx);
}

.model-grid {
  margin-top: 0.85rem;
}

.model-card {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.65rem;
  align-content: start;
}

.model-card p {
  margin: 0;
}

.model-meta {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.35rem;
}

.model-meta span,
.source-kind {
  padding: 0.2rem 0.42rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 4px;
  background: var(--chip-bg);
}

.model-card ul,
.dense-list,
.warning-card ul {
  padding-left: 1.15rem;
  margin: 0.7rem 0 0;
}

.detail-grid {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  margin-top: 1rem;
}

.compact-table,
.comparison-table {
  width: 100%;
  border-collapse: collapse;
}

.compact-table {
  margin-top: 0.9rem;
}

.compact-table th,
.compact-table td,
.comparison-table th,
.comparison-table td {
  padding: 0.75rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  text-align: left;
  vertical-align: top;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.compact-table th,
.comparison-table th {
  color: var(--ink);
  background: var(--table-head-bg);
}

.source-note,
.warning-card {
  margin-top: 1rem;
}

.noise-rail {
  position: relative;
  height: 2.1rem;
  margin-top: 1rem;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: var(--subtle-bg-strong);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 999px;
}

.noise-fill {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0 auto 0 0;
  width: 72%;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--wan), var(--ltx));
}

.stage-pin {
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  left: 33%;
  width: 1rem;
  height: 1rem;
  background: var(--ink);
  border: 3px solid var(--paper);
  border-radius: 999px;
  transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
  transition: left 180ms ease;
}

.moe-cards {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 0.8rem;
  margin-top: 0.9rem;
}

.moe-cards article {
  padding: 0.9rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 6px;
  background: var(--subtle-bg);
}

.moe-cards article.active {
  border-color: var(--wan);
  background: var(--nav-primary-bg);
}

.pipeline-steps {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(5, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 0.55rem;
}

.pipeline-steps article {
  position: relative;
  min-height: 9rem;
  padding: 0.85rem;
  background: var(--subtle-bg);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 6px;
}

.pipeline-steps article:not(:last-child)::after {
  content: "→";
  position: absolute;
  right: -0.55rem;
  top: 50%;
  z-index: 2;
  color: var(--ltx);
  font-weight: 900;
  transform: translateY(-50%);
}

.dual-stream {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  text-align: center;
}

.stream-source,
.stream-output,
.cross-link {
  padding: 0.75rem;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-weight: 850;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 6px;
  background: var(--subtle-bg);
}

.cross-link {
  color: var(--accent-text);
  background: var(--ltx);
}

.stream-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 0.75rem;
}

.stream-grid article {
  padding: 0.9rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 6px;
  background: var(--subtle-bg);
}

.comparison-table-wrap {
  margin-top: 1rem;
  overflow-x: auto;
}

.comparison-table th:first-child,
.comparison-table td:first-child {
  width: 10rem;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-weight: 850;
}

.comparison-cards {
  display: none;
}

.audio-compare {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 0.85rem;
}

.audio-compare article {
  padding: 1rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 6px;
  background: var(--subtle-bg);
}

.audio-compare article:first-child strong {
  color: var(--wan);
}

.audio-compare article:last-child strong {
  color: var(--ltx);
}

.bottleneck-grid {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(5, minmax(0, 1fr));
}

.warning-card {
  border-left: 4px solid var(--red);
}

.warning-card h3 {
  color: var(--red);
}

.route-timeline {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(6, minmax(170px, 1fr));
  gap: 0.65rem;
  overflow-x: auto;
}

.route-timeline article {
  min-height: 13rem;
  padding: 0.95rem;
  background: var(--subtle-bg);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 6px;
}

.route-timeline span {
  display: inline-grid;
  place-items: center;
  width: 2rem;
  height: 2rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
  color: var(--accent-text);
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-weight: 900;
  background: var(--green);
  border-radius: 999px;
}

.route-timeline strong {
  display: block;
  color: var(--ink);
}

.glossary-grid {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  margin-top: 1rem;
}

.glossary-grid article {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(9rem, 0.35fr) minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 0.8rem;
}

.glossary-grid strong {
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.glossary-grid p {
  margin: 0;
}

.reference-list {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  margin-top: 1rem;
}

.page-footer {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.55rem;
  padding-top: 3rem;
  margin-top: 4rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.lecture-toc {
  display: none;
}

.toc-toggle {
  position: fixed;
  right: 1rem;
  bottom: 1rem;
  z-index: 70;
  display: none;
  padding: 0.55rem 0.75rem;
  color: var(--accent-text);
  font-weight: 900;
  cursor: pointer;
  background: var(--wan);
  border: 0;
  border-radius: 4px;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}

@media (min-width: 1280px) {
  .lecture {
    width: min(calc(100vw - var(--toc-width) - var(--toc-gap) - 4rem), 1080px);
    margin-right: auto;
    margin-left: calc(var(--toc-width) + var(--toc-gap) + max(1rem, (100vw - var(--toc-width) - var(--toc-gap) - 1080px) / 2));
  }

  .lecture-toc {
    position: fixed;
    top: 5.5rem;
    left: max(1rem, calc((100vw - var(--toc-width) - var(--toc-gap) - 1080px) / 2));
    z-index: 30;
    display: block;
    width: var(--toc-width);
    max-height: calc(100vh - 7rem);
    padding: 1rem;
    overflow: auto;
    background: var(--toc-bg);
    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-radius: 8px;
    backdrop-filter: blur(14px);
  }

  .lecture-toc p {
    margin: 0 0 0.7rem;
    color: var(--faint);
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 0.78rem;
    font-weight: 850;
    text-transform: uppercase;
  }

  .lecture-toc nav {
    display: grid;
    gap: 0.28rem;
  }

  .lecture-toc a {
    padding: 0.45rem 0.5rem;
    color: var(--muted);
    font-size: 0.84rem;
    line-height: 1.32;
    border-radius: 4px;
  }

  .lecture-toc a:hover,
  .lecture-toc a:focus-visible,
  .lecture-toc a.active {
    color: var(--accent-text);
    background: var(--wan);
    outline: none;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 1100px) {
  .thesis-grid,
  .model-grid,
  .bottleneck-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  }

  .visual-example {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .pipeline-steps {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .pipeline-steps article:not(:last-child)::after {
    right: 50%;
    top: auto;
    bottom: -0.8rem;
    transform: translateX(50%) rotate(90deg);
  }
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .site-header {
    align-items: flex-start;
    flex-direction: column;
  }

  .module-nav {
    justify-content: flex-start;
  }

  .lecture {
    width: min(100% - 1.25rem, 1080px);
    padding-top: 1.2rem;
  }

  .paper-header {
    padding-top: 2rem;
  }

  .principle-grid,
  .detail-grid,
  .algorithm-grid,
  .audio-compare,
  .stream-grid,
  .glossary-grid,
  .reference-list {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .lab-controls-grid,
  .ecosystem-map {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  }

  .comparison-table-wrap {
    display: none;
  }

  .comparison-cards {
    display: grid;
    gap: 0.75rem;
    margin-top: 1rem;
  }

  .comparison-cards article {
    padding: 1rem;
    background: var(--panel);
    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-radius: 8px;
  }

  .comparison-cards h3 {
    font-size: 1rem;
  }

  .comparison-cards dl {
    display: grid;
    gap: 0.7rem;
    margin: 0.8rem 0 0;
  }

  .comparison-cards dt {
    color: var(--wan);
    font-weight: 850;
  }

  .comparison-cards dd {
    margin: 0.25rem 0 0;
    color: var(--muted);
    line-height: 1.65;
  }

  .comparison-cards dd:last-child {
    border-left: 3px solid var(--ltx);
    padding-left: 0.65rem;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 720px) {
  .toc-toggle {
    display: inline-flex;
  }

  .lecture-toc {
    position: fixed;
    inset: auto 1rem 4.2rem 1rem;
    z-index: 65;
    display: none;
    max-height: min(68vh, 32rem);
    padding: 0.9rem;
    overflow: auto;
    background: var(--mobile-toc-bg);
    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-radius: 8px;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
  }

  .lecture-toc.open {
    display: block;
  }

  .lecture-toc p {
    margin: 0 0 0.6rem;
    color: var(--faint);
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 0.78rem;
    font-weight: 850;
  }

  .lecture-toc nav {
    display: grid;
    gap: 0.25rem;
  }

  .lecture-toc a {
    display: block;
    padding: 0.48rem 0.5rem;
    color: var(--muted);
    border-radius: 4px;
  }

  .lecture-toc a.active,
  .lecture-toc a:hover,
  .lecture-toc a:focus-visible {
    color: var(--accent-text);
    background: var(--wan);
    outline: none;
  }

  .paper-header h1 {
    font-size: clamp(2.35rem, 13vw, 3.25rem);
  }

  .thesis-grid,
  .model-grid,
  .lab-controls-grid,
  .ecosystem-map,
  .bottleneck-grid,
  .moe-cards {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .token-bars div {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 0.25rem;
  }

  .glossary-grid article {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .route-timeline {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(6, minmax(230px, 1fr));
  }

  .pipeline-svg {
    min-height: 12rem;
  }
}